Pericarditis Symptoms

Staff
By Staff
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Acute Pericarditis

In acute pericarditis, chest pain is caused by layers of the pericardium rubbing together or the heart rubbing against the pericardium, which can feel like sharp or stabbing pain and can even be mistaken for a heart attack.
The chest pain is often in the center of the chest, but it can also be in the neck, left shoulder, or back. The pain can vary from person to person and feel either sharp or dull.

The pain may get better when you sit up and lean forward and worse while you are lying on your back, says Dr. Anavekar.

Other symptoms of acute pericarditis include:
  • Fever
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fast heartbeat or heart palpitations
  • Muscle aches and pains
  • Hiccups or trouble swallowing
  • Dry cough
  • Anxiety or fatigue
  • Swelling of the legs, feet, and ankles (in severe cases)

Recurrent Pericarditis

Up to 30 percent of people who have a first episode of pericarditis have recurrent pericarditis, which is when the condition returns after having no symptoms for at least four weeks.

Most people with recurrent pericarditis experience the same symptoms as they did with their first episode of pericarditis.

Chronic Pericarditis

Chronic pericarditis generally means that the condition lasts more than six months. There are two types of chronic pericarditis, chronic effusive pericarditis and chronic constrictive pericarditis.

Chronic effusive pericarditis occurs when fluid slowly builds up in the pericardial space, which is between the two layers of the pericardium.

The condition may not have any noticeable symptoms, especially if the fluid buildup increases slowly.

If symptoms are present, they can include the following:

  • Tiredness or fatigue
  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Chest pain, usually behind the breastbone or on the left side
  • Discomfort while lying down
  • Chest fullness
  • Lightheadedness or feeling faint
Severe cases of chronic effusive pericarditis may cause hypotension, or low blood pressure, as well as buildups of fluid in the stomach and in the feet, ankles, and legs (edema).

Chronic constrictive pericarditis is a rare condition that may develop as a complication of acute pericarditis. Scar-like tissue forms throughout the pericardium that restricts the heart and keeps it from beating properly. This can be life-threatening and can lead to heart failure and other complications, though it’s often treatable.

Chronic constrictive pericarditis may cause the following symptoms:
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Weakness and fatigue
  • Fluid buildup in the stomach and extremities
  • Abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting

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